Harald Bluetooth, Former King of Denmark and Norway

Harald Bluetooth (c. 910–c. 987), otherwise known as King Harald I of Denmark, was best known for three major achievements. First, he completed the work of unifying Denmark under a single ruler. Second, he conquered Norway—an event which had major historical consequences. Finally, he converted the Danes and Norwegians to Christianity. The dynasty he founded went on to rule over an increasingly large kingdom that, at its height, included much of the British Isles and parts of Sweden. Fast Facts: Harald Bluetooth Known For: King of Denmark and NorwayAlso Known As:  Haraldr Gormsson, Harald Blà ¥tand Gormsen, Harald IBorn: c. 910 in Jelling, DenmarkParents: King  Gorm the Old  and Thyra  DannebodDied: c. 987, probably in Jormsborg in the northern part of modern PolandSpouse(s): Gunhild, Thora  (Tova) the daughter of  Mistivir, Gyrid OlafsdottirChildren: Thyra Haraldsdatter, Sweyn Forkbeard, Haakon, Gunhilde Early Life Harald Bluetooth, or Harold Bluetooth, was born around 910, the son of the first king in a new line of Danish royalty, Gorm the Old. His mother was Thyra, whose father was a nobleman of Sunderjylland (Schleswig). Gorm had established his power base in Jelling, in northern Jutland, and had begun to unify Denmark before his reign was over. Thyra was inclined toward Christianity, so it is possible that young Harald had a favorable view toward the new religion when he was a child, even though his father was an enthusiastic follower of the Norse gods. So fierce a follower of Wotan was Gorm that when he invaded Friesland in 934, he demolished Christian churches in the process. This was not a wise move; shortly after that he came up against the German king, Henry I (Henry the Fowler); and when Henry defeated Gorm, he forced the Danish king not only to restore those churches but to grant toleration to his Christian subjects. Gorm did what was required of him but died a year later, leaving his kingdom to Harald. Haralds Reign Harald set out to continue his fathers work of unifying Denmark under one rule, and he succeeded very well. To defend his kingdom, he strengthened existing fortifications and built new ones. The Trelleborg ring forts, which are considered among the most important remains of the Viking age, date to his reign. Harald also supported the new policy of toleration for Christians, allowing Bishop Unni of Bremen and Benedictine monks from the Abbey of Corvey to preach the gospel in Jutland. Harald and the bishop developed a cordial working relationship, and although he did not agree to get baptized himself, Harald appears to have supported the spread of Christianity among the Danes. Once he had established internal peace, Harald was in a position to take an interest in external matters, especially those concerning his blood relatives. His sister, Gunnhild, fled to Harald with her five sons when her husband, King Erik Bloodaxe of Norway, was killed in battle in Northumberland in 954. Harald helped his nephews reclaim territories in Norway from King Hakon. He was met with serious resistance at first and Hakon even succeeded at invading Jutland, but Harald was ultimately victorious when Hakon was killed on the island of Stord. Haralds Christian nephews took possession of their lands and, led by Harald Greycloak (the eldest nephew), they embarked on a campaign to unify Norway under one rule. Unfortunately, Greycloak and his brothers were somewhat heavy-handed in spreading their faith, breaking up pagan sacrifices and despoiling pagan places of worship. The unrest that resulted made unification an unlikely prospect and Greycloak began to forge alliances with former enemies. This did not sit well with Harald Bluetooth, to whom his nephews owed much for his aid in obtaining their lands, and his concerns were borne out when Greycloak was assassinated, ostensibly by his new allies. Bluetooth took the opportunity to assert his rights over Greycloaks lands and was able to take control of Norway not long after. In the meantime, Christianity had been making some notable headway in Denmark. The Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great, who professed a deep devotion to the religion, saw to it that several bishoprics were founded in Jutland under papal authority. Due to conflicting and unsubstantiated sources, it is not clear exactly why this led to war with Harald; it may have something to do with the fact that these actions made the dioceses exempt from taxation by the Danish king, or perhaps it was because it made the territory appear to be under Ottos suzerainty. In any case, war ensued, and the exact outcome is also unclear. Norse sources maintain that Harald and his allies held their ground; German sources relate that Otto broke through the Danevirke and imposed strictures on Harald, including making him accept baptism and evangelize Norway. Whatever burdens Harald had to deal with as a result of this war, he showed himself to retain considerable clout in the following decade. When Ottos successor and son Otto II was busy fighting in Italy, Harald took advantage of the distraction by sending his son, Svein Forkbeard, against Ottos fortress in Slesvig. Svein captured the fortress and pushed the emperors forces southward. At the same time, Haralds father-in-law, the king of Wendland, invaded Brandenburg and Holstein and sacked Hamburg. The forces of the emperor were unable to counter these attacks, and so Harald reclaimed control of all of Denmark. Death In less than two years, Harald had lost all the gains he had made in Denmark and was seeking refuge in Wendland from his son. Sources are silent as to how this turn of events came to be, but it may have had something to do with Haralds insistence on converting his people to Christianity when there was still a considerable number of pagans among the nobility. Harald was killed in battle against Svein in or around 987; his body was brought back to Denmark and laid to rest in the church at Roskilde. Legacy Harald was by no means the most Christian of medieval kings, but he did receive baptism, and he did do what he could to promote the religion in both Denmark and Norway. He had his fathers pagan tomb converted to a Christian place of worship. Although the conversion of the populace to Christianity was not completed in his lifetime, he did allow a fairly robust evangelization to take place. In addition to constructing the Trelleborg ring forts, Harald extended the Danevirk and left a remarkable runestone in memory of his mother and father in Jelling. The modern Bluetooth technology used to connect electronic devices was named for the ancient Viking king. According to Jim Kardach, one of the founders of Bluetooth SIG: â€Å"Harald had united Denmark and Christianized the Danes! It occurred to me that this would make a good codename for the program. At this time I also created a PowerPoint foil with a version of the Runic stone where Harald held a cellphone in one hand and a notebook in the other and with a translation of the runes: Harald united Denmark and Norway and Harald thinks that mobile PC’s and cellular phones should seamlessly communicate. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Harald I.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 4 Apr. 2018.â€Å"The Jelling Stone.†Ã‚  National Museum of Denmark.â€Å"Legendary Harald Bluetooth King Of Denmark - Who Made The Danes Christian.  Ancient Pages, 16 May 2017.â€Å"Bluetooth: Why Modern Tech Is Named After Powerful King of Denmark and Norway.†Ã‚  Ancient Origins, Ancient Origins, 20 Jan. 2017.

Theodore Robert Cowell The Most Notorious American...

Theodore Robert Ted Bundy originally Theodore Robert Cowell was one of the most notorious American serial killers in history. Ted Bundy was born November 24, 1946, in Burlington, Vermont. Ted wasn’t the usual blessing to his mother. Eleanor Cowell was twenty-two years old when she gave birth to Ted, also out of wedlock. Ted’s grandparents were very strict and religious and Eleanor was scared of being shun by the family. She delivered the child at a home for unwed mothers in Vermont and later on brought him to her parents in Philadelphia. To hide the fact he was a bastard child, Ted was raised as the adopted son of his grandparents and was raised believing his mother was his sister. Eleanor took Ted to Tacoma, Washington, a few years later where she met her future spouse Johnnie Bundy and the couple had several children together. Ted began to show an unusual interest in behavior around the age of 3. Ted became fascinated by knives, a very alarming interest at such a youn g boy’s age. Ted was a very bright child and always did exceptionally well in school but never really got along with other children. As a teen, Ted developed more unusual behaviors. Ted liked to peer in other people s windows and thought nothing of stealing things he wanted from other people. Ted always had an interest with being involved in politics and the community. Ted later on graduated from the University of Washington with a degree in psychology in 1972. ItShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy And Charles Manson : The Characteristics Of Serial Killers And Mass Murderers1550 Words   |  7 PagesSo what causes someone to kill? Are serial killers and mass murderers more of a product of their own upbringing and environment or of delusional thoughts from a chemical imbalance? Someone who kills is an obsessed individual who lacks a conscience and who has no remorse. All the known characteristics of someone who kills point to something beyond our comprehension. Ted Bundy and Charles Ma nson are both infamous in the world of criminal history. Not all killers are the same: they may have grown upRead MoreTed Bundy1633 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Judith Revels Criminology SOCI 321 Abstract This research paper will explore the life of a serial killer named Ted Bundy. We will look at the cause and effects of him becoming a serial killer. We will also discuss the different criminology theories behind Ted Bundy’s actions. Based on what was discovered in the research no one theory can explain the action of Ted Bundy as a serial killer. The remainder of the paper is laid out as follows: biography of Ted Bundy, introduction, discussionRead MoreTed Bundy Attachment Theory1529 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore â€Å"Ted† Bundy was born in Burlington, Vermont on November 24, 1946, and later executed by the electric chair on January 24, 1989, after being convicted of a serial murder, rapist, and necrophiliac. Bundy brutally murdered and sexually assaulted 30 women but many believe that number to be higher. He would use his charm to lure these women, before engaging in sexual assault and murdering them. Bundy would also revisit some of his victims to again engage in se xual actions until their bodies wouldRead MoreSerial Killer: Theodore Robert Bundy Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages Theodore Bundy was an infamous American serial killer who preyed upon numerous young women during the 1970s and possibly earlier. He was associated with at least 30 counts of homicide and suspected of an estimated one hundred or more. Beyond homicide, he also made it apparent that he was capable of other sinister crimes such as rape, kidnapping, and necrophilia. His most frequent method of killing was an attack with a blunt weapon to the head. However, he did not merely kill his victims; evidence

Economics Of Human Development And Social - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Economics Of Human Development And Social. Answer: The term human development is typically a dynamic term which is used to describe the process through which an individual grows and experiences changes throughout the lifetime. It can also be described as a qualitative change that an individual experience from birth to death. Thus, through this way, development can be described as the process of life which encompasses cognitive, physical, personality, psychological, motor, emotional and social. It is important to note that the development of an individual in all these areas are interrelated (Green and Piel 2015). Development on an individual is shaped by both the nurture and nature in terms of cultural context. Nature can be described as the hereditary contribution that an individual receives from his parents during the time of conception. Genetics determine certain aspects of the of a persons development, like physical appearance and functioning paired along with the psychological characteristics. Whereas, nurture refers to the socia l ecology and the physical environment within which an individual grows and develop. The different aspects of childs ecology (social institutions, physical facilities, school and rituals) all influence the development of a child in several ways (Robinson 2012). This study is based on the extent of human development influenced by the social relationships, physical environment and genes. In order to assess the extent to which an individual in influenced by the genes, physical environment and social relationships. Delving into each of the factors in detail can reveal the individual influence. Genes are hereditary and thus a persons physical characteristics is strongly influenced by the genes inherited from the parents. Various physical attributes of an individual are dictated by the genes that are inherited. An instance of environmental impact on an individual can be seen in population affected with sickle cell anemia (Ware et al. 2017). This disease is hereditary and when the population that gets adapted to it remains protected from malaria. Individuals that experience the good psychological health and good quality of life, develops a sense of belonging. This helps an individual to develop in to a moral human being. Whereas, if the upbringing is not in a healthy environment, then an individual may turn into an immoral being with distorted mindset (Ungar, Ghazinour an d Richter 2013). Genetic influence- Transmission of genetic material is a complex process. The majority of the characteristics observed in human beings are a result of the combination of the genes. Due to the numerous permutations and combinations of the genes, a large number of differences exist in psychological and physical characteristics. The monozygotic twins or the identical twins have the same set of chromosomes, because they have formed from a single zygote. Whereas, the twins from the di-zygote develop into two separate individuals who do not exhibit the similar characteristics like the single zygote twins (Sigelman and Rider 2014). Genes can be both recessive and dominant. Through various studies it has been found that in comparison to the females, the males are more color blind as well as color sensitive to certain colors. Likewise, a grandmother or a mother can transfer the same condition to a male child without being a color bind themselves. The reason is that the disease or the disorder is common in males in comparison to the females. Genes form pairs, and if both the genes are dominant then an individual will express a particular characteristic (for example: color blindness). Whereas, if one gene is recessive and the other is dominant then the dominant gene will prevail over the recessive. The recessive gene will pass on to the next generation but will not express, although it may get expressed in the subsequent generation (van Opijnen and Camilli 2012). The gene which is dominant, is responsible for expression of a particular characteristic or trait. The visible characteristic (eye color) which show up are called the phenotype. The recessive genes do not show up as a trait, if the gene is not paired up with the other similar type of gene. The traits or the characteristics that are carried genetically in the recessive form are called the genotypes. Thus, genotype can be described as the genetic material that a person is inheriting from their parents. Whereas, phe notype refers to the behavioral and physical characteristics that are determined by the environmental and genetic factors (Wachs and Gruen 2012). Environmental influence- a child whatever inherits from his or her parents is referred to as nature. While, the environmental influence on the development of a child can be referred to as nurture. Thus, in order to understand the influence of environment on a person, there is a need to understand the complex interaction between the nurture and the nature or environment or heredity. The environmental influences at the postnatal and the prenatal stages of human development are important. When the fetus is within the mothers womb, then the external agents like the alcohol, drugs, pollutants are actively harm the development of an unborn baby. Whereas, the emotional stress, mothers nutrition, diseases can also adversely affect the development of a fetus. After birth, the different types of the environmental factors influence the development of a child (Evans, Li and Whipple 2013). Ecological systems theory identifies the five different environmental systems with which an individual inter acts. The theory presents a concentric circles of systems and the at the center point exists the individual. The micro-system consists of the immediate home environment of an individual or a child. The meso-system is a relationship of a child with the family, neighborhood and school. The exo-system can be referred to the influences upon a child through the indirect agencies like the work places of the parents and the community services (Neal and Neal 2013). Influence of social relationships- the social environment influences how the children and the parents engages in to a social environment. Maintaining and developing a positive social relationship is actually fundamental for good quality of psychological health and good health. the individuals who have good relationship, exhibit a sense of belonging and also receive support from the other members of the community (Heckman and Mosso 2014). This enhances the normal day to day function and also helps to survive during the difficult situation. Social relationship provides the scope to generate the concerns, discussing issues, new ideas, sharing good news and at the same time obtaining the emotional, economic and social support. However, there are certain social relationships which involve the negative behaviors and emotions which may degrade an individuals quality of life and wellbeing. If a child lives in a good social environment, then there is a greater chance that a child will develop a positive social environment. Living in a social environment which is good, increases the tendency of a child to develop a positive social relationship (Kagitcibasi 2013). Therefore, from the above study it can be concluded that, human development is a continuous process which involves the development of the fetus to its birth and subsequent death. The development of the human being depends upon the influences of both the nature and the nurture. The aspects of nature include the physical environment and the social relationships, whereas the aspects of nurture involve the parenting and the genetic characteristics inherited from the parents. This study focusses on the extent to which the genetics, physical environment and the social relationships plays on the development of a human being. The role of the physical environment and genetics is on a greater pedestal, although the influences of the social relationships on the human development is more dependent on the cultural context. Reference Evans, G.W., Li, D. and Whipple, S.S., 2013. Cumulative risk and child development. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), p.1342. Green, M.G. and Piel, J.A., 2015. Theories of human development: A comparative approach. Psychology Press. Heckman, J.J. and Mosso, S., 2014. The economics of human development and social mobility. Annu. Rev. Econ., 6(1), pp.689-733. Kagitcibasi, C., 2013. Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theory and applications. Routledge. Neal, J.W. and Neal, Z.P., 2013. Nested or networked? Future directions for ecological systems theory. Social Development, 22(4), pp.722-737. Robinson, L., 2012. Psychology for social workers: Black perspectives on human development and behaviour. Routledge. Sigelman, C.K. and Rider, E.A., 2014. Life-span human development. Cengage Learning. Ungar, M., Ghazinour, M. and Richter, J., 2013. Annual research review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(4), pp.348-366. van Opijnen, T. and Camilli, A., 2012. A fine scale phenotypegenotype virulence map of a bacterial pathogen. Genome research, 22(12), pp.2541-2551. Wachs, T.D. and Gruen, G.E., 2012. Early experience and human development. Springer Science Business Media. Ware, R.E., de Montalembert, M., Tshilolo, L. and Abboud, M.R., 2017. Sickle cell disease. The Lancet.

The West Indian Festival Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The West Indian Festival Essay, Research Paper The West Indian Festival Carnival was the largest, most colourful and vivacious cultural cultural festival I had of all time experienced in my life. Carnival is what the West Indians call this hideous event. Carnival is merely one facet of the Caribbean Culture. Every twelvemonth this event takes topographic point on Blue Hill Ave in Dorchester, Boston. All the streets environing Blue Hill Ave. are closed for this one-year particular event. It was a hot summer twenty-four hours on August 28th, 1999. My best friend Jessica and I had been uneasily waiting for this event to get. As we approached the scenery of a immense crowd, I felt a vibrating feeling from my tummy traveling all the manner out of my oral cavity into a immense giggling outburst. It was a feeling of joy and exhilaration. I could hear the loud Soca, Calypso and reggae music piercing through my ears, playing out of the dorsum of these immense shiny Ag trucks. We will write a custom essay sample on The West Indian Festival Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All the work forces and adult females were have oning colorful, glamourous and alien costumes. My favourite costume that I saw was an all white plume costume with diamond he-mans on the Crown and a white plume skirt with diamond he-man all around it. The large Ag trucks had big loud talkers in the dorsum and some island misss dancing in the dorsum, making a particular dance called whinning were they move their waist lines in a circle gesture. I was have oning my ruddy halter-top, black Capri bloomerss and white tennis places. The colourss of my vesture represented the colour of Trinidad which is my female parent comes from. As Jessica and I walked among the immense crowd squashing ourselves through the crowd ; I could smell some spicy dishes of curry poulet, dork poulet, rice and beans every bit good as a poulet rhotti which is made out of a soft fluffy pocket bread staff of life stuffed with curry poulet and boiled murphies. Waiving my bantam Trinidad flag in the air, I danced like neer before in the crowd to my favourite Soca vocal # 8220 ; Respond # 8221 ; . I was holding the clip of my life vocalizing and dancing through the celebrations. While I was dancing with joy it started to rain and everybody kept on dance and jumping about. It was even more merriment dance in the rain ; it made the Carnival more wild and adventuresome. I will neer bury this unbelievable event. I felt as if I was on top of the universe. I guess one time in everyone # 8217 ; s life-time there is ever one memorable twenty-four hours whether it is fun or sad. I am already visualising another Boston Carnival in the twelvemonth 2000.