Pathology Arises Out Fo The Ex Essay -- essays research papers

Concepts of pathology, as treated by the traditions of clinical psychology and psychiatry, define what is &8216normal&8217 and &8216abnormal&8217 in human behaviour. Various mental paradigms exist today, each emphasising diverse ways of defining and treating psyopathology. Most commonly utilised is the medical model which is limited in many respects, criticised for reducing patients problems to a list of pathological symptoms that have a primarily biological base and which are to be treated behaviourally or pharmacologically (Schwartz & Wiggins 1999). Such reductionistic positivist ways of viewing the individual maintain the medical discourse of &8216borderline personality&8217, schizoid&8217, &8216paranoid&8217 or &8216clinically depressed&8217, often failing to orchestrate the wider socio-ltural environment of the individual. Pilgrim (1992) suggests that such diagnostic pidgeon-holing does not enhance humanity, nor aid those who are dealing with the distressed individual to fin d meaning. It also neglects to consider life beyond the physical, failing to address the more philosophical questions that abound from our very existence. Existential psychiatry and psychology arose in Europe in the 1940&8217s and 1950&8217s as a direct response to the dissatisfaction with prevailing efforts to gain scientific understanding in psychiatry (Binswanger 1963). Existentialism is the title of a set of philosophical ideas that accent the existence of the human being, the lack of meaning and purpose in life and the solitude of human existence. Existentialism stresses the jeopardy of life, the voidness of human reality and admits that the human being thrown into the world, a world in which pain, frustration, sickness, contempt, malaise and death dominates (Barnes 1962). How one positions oneself in that world becomes the focus for existential notions of pathology, a responsibility that is present for either human being, not one confined to the &8216mentally ill&8217. In th is sense the human being is &8216response-able&8217 to the existential predicament that is life and the necessary struggles that fig up through negotiating these conditions in every lived moment. In this essay I will give a brief outline of the history of existential thinkers, then talk over how t... ...Lowrie). Princeton Princton University PressLaing, R. D. (1960). The Divided Self. Harmondsworth PenguinLewis, C. S. (1943). The Abolition of Man. Oxford Oxford University PressMay, R. (1969). do and Will. New York Norton.May, R. & Yalom, I. (1984). Existential Psychotherapy. In Corsini, R. J. (ed.), CurrentPsychotherapies. Itasca Illinois PeacockOwen, I. R. (1994). Introducing an existential-phenomenological approach basic phenomenological theory and research- Part 1. counselling Psychology Quarterly, 7, (3) 261-273Pilgrim, D. (1992). Psychotherapy and Political Evasions. In Dryden, W. & Feltham,C. (Eds.) Psychotherapy and It&8217s Discontents. Buckingham Open University PressSa tre, J. P. (1951). Being and Nothingness. (Trans. H. Barnes) Methuen LondonSchwartz, M. A. & Wiggins, O. P. (1999). The Crisis of Present-Day Psychiatry Regaining the Personal. Psychiatric Times, 16, 9.Yalom, I. (1989). Love&8217s Executioner And Other Tales of Psychotherapy. New York Harper Collins

Sometimes A Shining Moment :: essays research papers

In the book Sometimes a Shining Moment Eliot Wiginton had a studentthat talked about a teacher who takes time to recognize students as anindividual and not just part of a group. The student went on to enjoin I had oneparticular teacher that I would never forget. Once when the teacher gave back anessay I found that she had complimented my essay, the topic, and even me.I had a teacher that that was just wish well the teacher that one of the juniorsor seniors had. The teacher that I remember the best was my twelfth gradeEnglish teacher, Mrs. Oehler was a causa of teacher that always involved everyone in the class discussion. She took the time to realize me as a individualand not just a student that showed up for her class every day. Every day when Iwent to class I was excited to be their. We never knew what Mrs. Oehler had upher sleeve, merely we knew that we would engender a good time.When I showed up at room 124 on the first day of class I did not knowwhat to expect. You see I ne ver had Mrs. Oehler in my previous three years ofhigh school. I thought she would be a nice person to have as teacher, but Inever knew that she would be the best teacher that I ever had. I first noticedthat Mrs. Oehler was a special kind of person when she came oer to my desk andout of the clear blue she asked me about my story I was writing for her class. Iwas surprised to here her say so Matt how do you like you story so far. Shedid not ask any body else in the class, just me. It was those little thingsthat she did that impressed me. She always made time in class for each andevery one of us to state our opinion about the days topic.Some days when we were reading a story she would acquire it into atheatrical performance. She always keep us interested in what we were reading,and turned an ordinary assignment that would of been boring with any otherteacher into a fun and rewarding experience.We read the Adromenal Strain a story that dealt with a deadly virusfrom outer space and the use of the atomic bomb to dislodge the earth of this deadlyinfection. Our class was mixed with different emotions about using the atomicbomb. We discussed the effects and devastation that the bomb could bring and

The Effects of Japanese Civil Society on Policy-Making :: Government Political Science Japan Papers

The Effects of lacquerese Civil Society on policy-making I. IntroductionMy interest in this project began after studying Japan for four years as an undergraduate and realizing I knew relatively little of the countrifieds political atmosphere. I assumed after reading Western political scholars views on the subject, that it was a relatively homogonous nation and only after the occupational Authority entered Japan had the country emerged with democratic ideals and a true notion of liberal rights. It is true that citizens movements are a comparatively recent modern phenomenon in a country filled with millennia of cryptic cultural and political history. Still today, however numbers of Westerners, including some scholars, see Japan through Orientalisms external and exotic eyes and continue the assumption that hierarchy rules politics and the working class disengages themselves from day-to-day politics. This paper not only attempts to present a coarse understanding of Japans politic al history, but also show how civil society has transformed from early Meiji society to post World contend II restructuring. While outsiders believe democracy and liberal rights are an inherently novel part of Japanese culture, this paper illustrates the historical basis for a rich electorate, thriving with individual and interpersonal interest in freedom, rights, and the political environment around them.The cleavages that divide civil society and the government policy-making in Japan have been written about at length. The groups examined in this paper, including the Meiji Popular Rights Movement and the post World War II environmental movement, formed organizations to address the conflict that constantly attacked their personal values. In each case, the government refused to proactively respond, from the lack of representation during the late 19th century to the pollution that destroyed lands and lives in the 1960s and 1970s. both of these groups asked for policy changes from l ocal governments in order to promote their efforts through political participation, and some of these measures progressed to national levels. From the beginning of the Meiji Restoration to today, Japan exhibits dramatic progressive political awareness and engagement, therefore I deny any allegation that Japan was undemocratic until General MacArthurs restructuring in 1945. Throughout the scholarly debate and the capital punishment of factual evidence, three problems arise in the comparative analysis of the two examples. The first consists of the argument that Japans civil society, specific to the two cartridge clip periods analyzed in this paper, was formulated directly within and of the state.

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Bravery in Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

gallantry in Beowulf     Bravery is like a very indisputable friend, it will never let you down. That statement holds true in the great epic of Beowulf. Beowulf is the story of a great hero who comes to the aid of a tumultuous king. Beowulf hears that king Hrothgar is having trouble and immediately comes to help with no questions asked. he defeats the monster, Grendel, with his bare hands. Beowulf then defeats Grendels set about along with a dragon until he is fatally injured. Bravery is a very admirable characteristic that few people possess. First of all, Beowulf came to help Hrothgar on his own free will. Hearing of the troubles that Hrothgar was having with a monster terrorizing Herot, his mead hall, Beowulf bravely offered his help non knowing what he was up against. When he arrived, Beowulf did not ask the king for either money nor fame. The only favor that he asked of Hrothgar was that he and his men were to fight the monster, Grendel. Coming away f rom ones homeland to help get rid of a man-eating monster and asking for nothing in return takes such(prenominal) courage and is an extremely brave deed. Next, Beowulf decides to fight Grendel with his bare hands. He could birth easily obtained some kind of weapon to fight with. Beowulf was the first warrior ever to have enough sheer bravery to go up against such a monster with neither help nor weapon or shield to aid him. he was a warrior that believed somewhat in fate and in God. Believing that God made the decisions and was in control, Beowulf trusted that his life was in good hands. Defeating Grendel with his bare hands, Beowulf not only proved his bravery but also his loyalty. After defeating Grendel, Beowulf came back twice in order to kill Grendels mother and a fire-breathing dragon. Although during his bout with the dragon, Beowulf was fatally injured. As his services were needed, he always prevailed Beowulfs bravery never tired. He even had to fight and kill these monsters in their homes where nobody had ever ventured. Successfully defeating Grendels mother lead Beowulf into his third and final battle with the last monster.

Drugs: A Major Problem In Canadian Society :: essays research papers fc

Drugs A Major Problem In Canadian SocietyA major problem that exists within Canadian society is the abuse of mind-altering substances. Such narcotics cause not only health problems, but alsoviolent and potentially criminal acts. A psychotropic narcotic can be definedas both the legal and illegal type. The four main categories of medicines atomic number 18narcotics, CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, and hallucinogens. Most of thesedrugs are highly addictive and are usually obtained by prescription or areconsidered a banned substance and must be purchased illegally.Users of many of the "harder" drugs macrocosm abused today also face the possibilityof an eventual overdose. An overdose is the ingestion of a lethal or mind-damaging amount of drugs. Once an all-inclusive addiction of these drugs occur, the userfaces withdrawal symptoms when a discontinuation of a drug transpires. This isdue to a reduction of the natural pain-killers that exist in the body of non-drug users. Th ese symptoms include chills, sweating, cramps, headaches,diarrhea and excessive vomiting. The treatment of drug addicts includes anextensive program of detoxification. Medical drugs, such as Naloxone, aresometimes given to patients to aid in overcoming these addictions. These drugsoccupy opiate receptors in the brain to block all effects of the damaging drugs,however the Naloxone is not an addictive drug, as the others are. The downfallto the medical drugs cosmos used to help addiction are that there effects arevery short-term and cannot cure the patient, but does assist in attaining thegoal of substituting a more controllable, less lethal drug as opposed to theoriginal narcotic .The key to preventing substance abuse in Canada is to educate the public, kinda at a young age, never to experiment with potentially life-threatingdrugs. This education can be attained within the pre-secondary schools. In 1988prime minister Brian Mulroney announced proposed Canadas Drug Strategy. Lawswere enacted, which prohibited the sale of drug paraphernalia and increased thepower of police to seize the assets of arrested drug offenders. The Strategyallocated the sum of $210 million in its commencement exercise five years (and an additional$270 million in 1992) mainly to the prevention, education and treatment of druguse, while 30 per cent of this money was intended for the conventional area oflaw enforcement.The goal of education within the school system should be to support thosestudents who are non-users with recognition and social activities that willencourage them to go forward non-users and to facilitate a belief and value systemthat incorporates concern for fellow students and residents of the community.Drug education should emphasise the negative aspects of drugs to give the

Drugs: A Major Problem In Canadian Society :: essays research papers fc

Drugs A Major Problem In Canadian SocietyA major problem that exists within Canadian society is the abuse of mind- fastening substances. Such narcotics cause not only health problems, but in any caseviolent and potentially criminal acts. A mind-altering narcotic can be definedas both the legal and illegal type. The four main categories of drugs benarcotics, CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, and hallucinogens. Most of thesedrugs are highly addictive and are usually obtained by prescription or areconsidered a banned substance and must be purchased illegally.Users of many of the "harder" drugs being abused today also face the possibilityof an eventual overdose. An overdose is the ingestion of a lethal or mind-damaging amount of drugs. Once an full addiction of these drugs occur, the userfaces breakup symptoms when a discontinuation of a drug transpires. This isdue to a reduction of the natural pain-killers that exist in the body of non-drug users. These symptoms include chil ls, sweating, cramps, headaches,diarrhea and unreasonable vomiting. The treatment of drug addicts includes anextensive program of detoxification. Medical drugs, such as Naloxone, aresometimes given to patients to aid in overcoming these addictions. These drugsoccupy opiate receptors in the head to block all effects of the damaging drugs,however the Naloxone is not an addictive drug, as the others are. The downfallto the medical drugs being used to help addiction are that there effects arevery short-term and cannot cure the patient, but does assist in attaining the polish of substituting a more controllable, little lethal drug as opposed to theoriginal narcotic .The key to preventing substance abuse in Canada is to educate the public,preferably at a issue age, never to experiment with potentially life-threatingdrugs. This education can be attained within the pre-secondary schools. In 1988prime minister Brian Mulroney announced proposed Canadas Drug Strategy. Lawswere enacted, whic h prohibited the exchange of drug paraphernalia and increased thepower of police to seize the assets of arrested drug offenders. The Strategyallocated the sum of $210 million in its first five years (and an spare$270 million in 1992) mainly to the prevention, education and treatment of druguse, while 30 per cent of this money was intended for the traditional area oflaw enforcement.The goal of education within the school system should be to support thosestudents who are non-users with recognition and social activities that willencourage them to remain non-users and to facilitate a impression and value systemthat incorporates concern for fellow students and residents of the community.Drug education should emphasise the negative aspects of drugs to give the